Fataawa Za Wanachuoni Kuhusu Mirungi
Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta’ala) Anasema:
“Hakika watumiao kwa ubadhirifu ni ndugu wa mashaytwaan (wanamfuata Shaytwaan). Na Shaytwaan ni mwenye kumkufuru Mola wake.” [Al-Israa: 26-27]
“Wala msijitie kwa mikono yenu katika maangamizo.” [Al-Baqarah: 125]
“… na anawahalalishia vizuri na kuwaharamishia vibaya…” [Al-'Araaf, 7: 157]
Na Mtume (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) amesema:
“Allaah Anachukia mambo matatu: kusengenya, kuomba na kupoteza pesa.” [Al-Bukhaariy na Muslim]
Mirungi ni mti mchafu mbaya uliongia katika ardhi ya Waislam, na wameingia katika mitihani baadhi ya Waislam, na unasababisha madhara ya kimali, kimwili, kidini na kiwakati. Vilevile, ulimaji wake husababisha hasara kubwa za kiuchumi kwa sababu ya maji mengi yanayotumika katika ardhi ngumu ambayo inaoteshwewa. Na kwa hivyo, ni HARAAM kulimwa katika ardhi za Waislam, na pia kutafunwa.
Matumizi ya Mirungi yanaingia moja kwa moja katika vileo kwani vinamtoa mlaji katika hali yake ya kawaida na kumbadilisha na kuingia katika hali ya kuishi kwenye fikra za kuwazika na ndoto za aliye macho, vilevile mtu kuwa juu juu amehandasika (kalewa), kadhalika ndani yake kuna kuidhuru mtu afya yake, ubadhirifu wa mali na wakati.
Mtume (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) aliulizwa kuhusu vinywaji fulani vinavyotengenezwa na asali, mahindi, au shayiri kwa njia ya kuvundikwa au kuchanganywa hadi kugeuka na kuwa pombe. Mtume (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) kwa ufupi na uwazi alijibu,
“Kila chenye kulewesha ni pombe, na kila pombe ni Haraam.” (Muslim)
Na amesema tena Mtume (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam):
“Kila chenye kulewesha kikiwa kingi, basi japo kichache ni Haraam.” (Ahmad, Abu Daawuud na At-Tirmidhiy). Na kwengine, “Kinacholewesha japo ni ndoo nzima, basi hata muonjo (kuinywa kidogo) wake ni Haraam.” (Ahmad, Abu Daawuud na At-Tirmidhiy)
Naye ‘Umar (Radhiya Allaahu ‘anhu) akiwa amesimama kwenye Minbar ya Mtume (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) akatangazia,
“Pombe ni chochote chenye kufunika akili” (Al-Bukhaariy Na Muslim)
Wanachuoni mbalimbali wametoa fatwa mbalimbali za kuonyesha uharamu wa utumiaji wa Mirungi.
Zifuatazo ni Fatawa za Wanachuoni mbalimbali, nimechagua Fatwa tatu za Wanachuoni watatu wa nchi tatu maarufu, Saudiyah. Misr na Yemen. Na badala ya kuzikusanya makumi ya Fatwa kutoka Yemen, au maishirini kutoka Saudiyah au kadhaa kutoka Misr, hizi tatu hapa chini zitakuwa zinawakilisha fatwa nyingi za Wanachuoni wakubwa wa nchi hizo:
Mwanachuoni Mkubwa Wa Sa’udiyah Allaamah Ibn Baaz, Aliyekuwa Mufti Wa Sa’udiyah
Alipoulizwa:
‘Wengi katika waraibu wa Mirungi, inapofika wakati wa Swalah basi (kwa wale wanaoswali) hutoa midomoni mwao (Mirungi) na kisha huitema kwenye mifuko ya plastiki kisha huswali. Na baada ya Swalah huichukua kutoka kwenye mfuko na kuila tena, je, Mirungi ni najisi? Na nini hukmu ya mtu mwenye kuswali na hali imo kwenye mdomo wake? Na je, inajuzu kwa yule mwenye kuila akachelewesha Swalah hadi amalize kula, kisha aje kulipa Swalah zake?
Akajibu:
Sina elimu ya chenye kuonyesha kuwa ni najisi, kwani huo ni mti maarufu, na asli kuhusiana na miti na mimea mbalimbali ni kuwa yote ni twahara. Ama utumiaji wake ni HARAAM –kwa kauli sahihi za Wanachuoni- kutokana na madhara yake mengi.
Na inawapasa hao wenye kutumia, wasiitumie kabisa wakati wa Swalah, na wala haijuzu hata kidogo mtu kuchelewesha Swalah kwa ajili hiyo, bali inampasa Muislam aiswali Swalah kwa wakati wake katika Jama’ah pamoja na ndugu zake Waislam Misikitini, kwa kauli yake Mtume (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam):
“Atakayesikia Wito wa Swalah (Adhaan) na asiende kuswali, basi hana Swalah ila kwa udhuru.” (Ibn Maajah, Ad-Daara Qutwniy na Al-Haakim kwa Isnaad sahihi)
Na aliulizwa Ibn ‘Abbaas (Radhiya Allaahu ‘anhu) kuhusiana na huo ‘udhuru’ ambao umeruhusiwa, akajibu: “Ni khofu au maradhi”’ na matumizi ya Mirungi sio udhuru wa kishari’ah, bali ni jambo la Munkar, na ikiwa mtu atachelewesha Swalah kwa sababu hiyo, basi hiyo itakuwa ni dhambi kubwa sana. Na haifai vilevile kuunganisha Swalah mbili kwa sababu ya Mirungi, kwani huo si udhuru wa kishari’ah unaokubalika…”
Kitabu ‘Fataawa Islaamiyah’ kilichokusanywa na Muhammad Al-Musanad, Juz. 3, uk. 445 – Majmu’ Fataawaa wa Maqalaat Mutanawi’ah, Juz. 23.
Mwanachuoni Wa Misr Yuusuf Al-Qaradhwawiy, Ambaye Ni Mufti Wa Qatar Hivi Sasa
Aliulizwa na muulizaji kutoka Yemen:
Tumekwishafahamu fatwa yenu kuhusiana na sigara, na hukmu kuwa ni Haraam, kutokana na madhara yanayompata mvutaji kwa nafsi yake na mali yake, na kuwa ni aina ya kuua nafsi au kujiua polepole.
Na tunahitaji kujua fatwa ya afa jingine ambalo limeenea kwetu Yemen kutokea siku nyingi, na imeenea kwa watu, inawafanya watoto waonekane kama vijana, na wakubwa waonekane wazee, hata tunaona watu wenye elimu zao (Wanachuoni) na Maqaadhi wanaila na hawaipingi. Tumesoma kuwa kuna Wanachuoni wakubwa wa nchi zingine wameharamisha kuila hii Qaat (Mirungi) na wakakemea wanaoila na wale wenye uraibu huo kutokana na madhara yake na israaf, na Allaah Hapendi wenye kufanya israaf.
Tunaomba maelezo yenye kukinaisha juu ya jambo hili lenye kuwagusa Wayemen. Jazaakum Allaahu khayra
Akajibu:
Ama hukumu ya uvutaji sigara, hakuna shaka kuwa maelezo yote ya kielimu, kitiba za kisasa yamegundua kuwa ina madhara makubwa kwa mtumiaji. Na yanathibitisha yale tuliyoyataja katika fatwa zetu kuhusiana na Uharamu wake afa (janga) hili lenye kuangamiza.
Kadhalika athari mbaya za uvutaji zinazowapata wale wasiovuta ambao wanapata moshi wake na hivyo kuwa hatari zaidi kwao hata kushinda wale wanaovuta.
Uislam unasema, “Hakuna madhara wala kudhuriana.” Yaani ‘usiidhuru nafsi yako wala usidhuru nafsi ya mwenzako’. Na mvutaji sigara huidhuru nafsi yake na huidhuru nafsi ya mwenzake. Na shari’ah imekuja kwa ajili ya kulinda maslahi ya kidharura ya viumbe. Na wameigawa watu wa shari’ah katika sehemu tano, nazo ni: Diyn, Nafsi, Akili, Kizazi na Mali. Na sigara hudhuru maslahi hayo.
Ama kuhusiana na Mirungi, imeingizwa na ‘Mkutano wa Kimataifa wa Kupambana na Ulevi, Madawa Ya Kulevya na Sigara’ –ambao ulifanyika huko Madiynah chini ya usimamizi wa Chuo cha Kiislam cha Madiynah, miaka kadhaa- kuwa ni mojawapo ya mambo yaliyojumishwa kuwa HAYAFAI na kuingizwa kuwa ni sehemu moja na madawa ya kulevya na sigara.
… Akaendelea Shaykh Qaradhwawiy na kutaja alivyowaona watu Yemen wakila na akaona gharama zinazotumika na wakati unaopotezwa, mwisho akahitimisha fatwa yake kwa kueleza madhara yake ya kiafya, kupoteza wakati, kupoteza pesa, ardhi kutumika vibaya na maji kupotea mengi kwa ulimaji wake.
Kisha akamtaja Shaykh Muhammad Saalim Al-Bayhaaniy na msimamo wake usioyumba na akaelezea fatwa yake ambayo ndani yake kaiharamisha Mirungi katika kitabu chake ‘Iswlaah Al-Mujtama’’
Shaykh Abu Naswr Muhammad Bin ‘Abdillaah Al-Imaam Wa Yemen
Katika fatwa yake ndefu ambayo ni risala nzima, hapa tutaifupisha sana.
Aliulizwa:
Nini hukmu ya Kiislam kuhusu Mirungi; kuliwa, kulimwa, kuiuza, kuinunua na kuitolea zawadi?
Akajibu:
AlhamduliLlaah was Swalaatu was Salaam ‘alaa RasuuliLlaah wa ‘alaa aalihi waswahbihi waman waalaah, amma ba’ad,
Hukmu ya Mirungi kula, kulima, kuuza, kununua na kutolea zawadi yote ni HARAAM kwa dalili na sababu zifuatazo:
1. Zimekuja Dalili za wazi kuhusiana na ubaya na uchafu wa Mirungi kutoka katika kauli Yake Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta’ala) ambayo imejengeka katika wadhifa aliotumiwa Mtume (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam): “Na anawahalalishia wao vilivo vizuri na kuwaharamishia vibaya” Kutajwa uharamu wa vitu vibaya na vichafu kwenye Aayah hiyo mkabala na kuhalalishwa vilivo vizuri, ni ishara ya kuonyesha kuwa kila kibaya na kichafu ni HARAAM iwe sawa ni chakula, kinywaji, kuingiliana na mengineyo. Na Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta’ala) Anatujulisha katika Aayah hii kuwa Mtume wetu anatuharamishia yale yenye madhara, machafu na mabaya. Na hakutuharamishia Mtume wetu kitu ambacho ni kizuri kwa hali yoyote. Na kuharamishwa jambo, huenda kikawa kwa dhati yake chenyewe au kwa kinginecho, kama alivyosema Mtume (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam): “Mwenye kula kitokanacho na mti huu, basi asiukaribie Msikiti wetu”, Hadiyth hii imekuja kwa mapokezi mengi. Hapa uharamu umekuja kutokana na harufu mbaya inayotokana na viliwavyo kutokana na mti huo ambavyo ni vitunguu maji na vitunguu thawm, na harufu hiyo huwaudhi watu pamoja na Malaika katika nyumba za Allaah (Misikitini). Na Mirungi haiepukiki kuwa katika fungu hilo la HARAAM kwa dhati yake au kwa dhati ya kinginecho. Baadhi ya watu wanadai kuwa hakuna Aayah wala Hadiyth inayoelezea kwa uwazi uharamu wa Mirungi, watajibiwa kuwa, Aayah hiyo hapo juu imekusanya moja kwa moja Uharamu wa kila kilicho kibaya, kichafu, chenye madhara. Na kwa uwazi kabisa Allaah Ametaja kilicho kibaya mkabala na kilicho kizuri cha halali. Na Wanachuoni wengi kabisa wametaja Aayah hiyo kuwa inaonyesha wazi uharamu wa Mirungi, na hilo liko wazi.
2. Amesema Mtume (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam): “Hakuna kujidhuru wala kudhuriana (kusababisha madhara)”, Hadiyth hii ambayo imesimuliwa na Maswahaba nane ni hoja nzuri kabisa. Aliposema, “La Dhwarar” hakuna madhara inafafanua kupita kiasi kuliko angesema, “La tadhwuruu” msidhuru, na Hadiyth hii ni msingi wa jumla unaojengea masuala mengi yasiyo na idadi, maana kauli yake “La Dhwarar wala Dhwiraar” maana yake ni msijidhuru nafsi zenu au msijiletee madhara nyinyi wenyewe na wala msidhuru nafsi nyinginezo au msipeleke madhara kwa wengine. Na inafidisha Hadiyth hii kuwa kila chenye kuleta madhara kwa nafsi au kinachopelekea madhara kwa nafsi nyingine ni HARAAM ila tu pale kutakapotokea dalili ya kuonyesha kinyume chake. Na imepokelewa kutoka kwa Imaam Ahmad na Abu Daawuud na Al-Bayhaqiy na wengineo kutoka kwa Ummu Salamah (Radhiya Allaahu ‘anha) kwamba “Mtume (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) amekataza kila chenye kulewesha.”
Akaendelea Shaykh kuelezea kwa kirefu madhara yake yanayompata mtu binafsi na yale yanayoikumba Taifa zima kutokana na ulaji wake na kilimo na mengine ya kidini, kiafya, kiuchumi, upotezaji wakati na kutopatikana uzalishaji, kuenea umaskini, wizi, rushwa, uongo, kupotea haki za watu na mengi mengineyo.
Akamalizia Shaykh kwa kutaja Wanachuoni wengi walioharamisha Mirungi, miongoni mwao ni:
Shaykh Ahmad bin Hajar Al-Haytamiy katika kitabu chake “Tahdhiyr Ath-Thuqaat Min Aklil Kuftati Wal Qaat”, na Al-Faqiyh Abu Bakr bin Ibraahiym Al-Muqriy Al-Haraaziy Ash-Shaafi’iy katika kitabu chake, “Tahriym Al-Qaat”, na wengineo ni Shaykh Muhammad bin Ibraahiym Aal Shaykh, na Shaykh ‘Abdul-‘Aziyz bin Baaz, na Shaykh Abul Hasan Mustwafaa bin Ismaa’iyl As-Sulaymaaniy na Maulamaa wengine.
Ama Shaykh Muqbil bin Haadiy Al-Waadi’iy (ambaye ni mwalimu wake), yeye amewafikiana na Fatwa hii. Na kumetungwa vitabu mbalimbali kuharamisha Mirungi ambavyo vimetaja ndani yake madhara na mafaasid yanayopatikana katika ulaji Mirungi, miongoni mwa vitabu hivyo ni, “Kashfu Ash-Shubuhaat ‘An Adhwraaril Qaat” cha Dkt. Ibraahiym bin ‘Abbaas, na kitabu “Al-Qaat” cha Dkt. Al-Marzuuqiy na Dkt. Abu Khutw-wah, na kitabu “Shahaadaatu Ath-Thuqaat ‘Alaa Adhwraaril Qaati” cha Shaykh ‘Aaidhw bin ‘Aliy Mismaar, na kitabu “Al-Qaatu Wal Mujtama’” cha Abu Ibraahiym Atw-Twayriy.
(Mwisho wa kumnukuu)
Tunamalizia makala hii ya Mirungi kwa wito kwa walaji wote wamche Allaah na wajiepusha na jambo hilo chafu, baya, lenye madhara makubwa ya kidini, kimwili, kiafya, kimali na kiuchumi, na watumie muda wao huo mkubwa wanaoupoteza kufanya yenye manufaa kwa dunia na Akhira yao. Na wakumbuke wataulizwa siku ya masiku kwa muda wao walioupoteza, na kwa mali yao walivyotumia.
Na wale wanausuhubiana na walaji, wito kwao wajiepushekusuhubiana na watu hao wasije nao kuingia kwenye balaa na afa hilo miongoni mwa maafa makubwa yaliyomo katika jamii ya Kiislam, wakumbuke pia mwenye kusuhubiana na mfua chuma, basi ima akuunguzie nguo yako au akutie harufu mbaya ya moshi wake. Hiyo ni tahadhari tuliyopewa na Mtume wetu (Swalla Allaahu ‘alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam), kwa hiyo tuizingatie sana inshaAllaah.
Tunamuomba Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta’ala) Ajaalie risala hii iwe khaaliswan Liwajhih na iwe na taathira kwa walaji Mirungi na inshaAllaah iwe ndio sababu ya kuachana kwao na uraibu huo.
INTERNATIONAL CONCEPT OF WORK FROM HOME
ReplyDeleteWork from home theory is fast gaining popularity because of the freedom and flexibility that comes with it. Since one is not bound by fixed working hours, they can schedule their work at the time when they feel most productive and convenient to them. Women & Men benefit a lot from this concept of work since they can balance their home and work perfectly. People mostly find that in this situation, their productivity is higher and stress levels lower. Those who like isolation and a tranquil work environment also tend to prefer this way of working. Today, with the kind of communication networks available, millions of people worldwide are considering this option.
Women & Men who want to be independent but cannot afford to leave their responsibilities at home aside will benefit a lot from this concept of work. It makes it easier to maintain a healthy balance between home and work. The family doesn't get neglected and you can get your work done too. You can thus effectively juggle home responsibilities with your career. Working from home is definitely a viable option but it also needs a lot of hard work and discipline. You have to make a time schedule for yourself and stick to it. There will be a time frame of course for any job you take up and you have to fulfill that project within that time frame.
There are many things that can be done working from home. A few of them is listed below that will give you a general idea about the benefits of this concept.
Baby-sitting
This is the most common and highly preferred job that Women & Men like doing. Since in today's competitive world both the parents have to work they need a secure place to leave behind their children who will take care of them and parents can also relax without being worried all the time. In this job you don't require any degree or qualifications. You only have to know how to take care of children. Parents are happy to pay handsome salary and you can also earn a lot without putting too much of an effort.
Nursery
For those who have a garden or an open space at your disposal and are also interested in gardening can go for this method of earning money. If given proper time and efforts nursery business can flourish very well and you will earn handsomely. But just as all jobs establishing it will be a bit difficult but the end results are outstanding.
Freelance
Freelance can be in different wings. Either you can be a freelance reporter or a freelance photographer. You can also do designing or be in the advertising field doing project on your own. Being independent and working independently will depend on your field of work and the availability of its worth in the market. If you like doing jewellery designing you can do that at home totally independently. You can also work on freelancing as a marketing executive working from home. Wanna know more, email us on workfromhome.otr@gmail.com and we will send you information on how you can actually work as a marketing freelancer.
Internet related work
This is a very vast field and here sky is the limit. All you need is a computer and Internet facility. Whatever field you are into work at home is perfect match in the software field. You can match your time according to your convenience and complete whatever projects you get. To learn more about how to work from home, contact us today on workfromhome.otr@gmail.comand our team will get you started on some excellent work from home projects.
Diet food
Since now a days Women & Men are more conscious of the food that they eat hence they prefer to have homemade low cal food and if you can start supplying low cal food to various offices then it will be a very good source of income and not too much of efforts. You can hire a few ladies who will help you out and this can be a good business.
Thus think over this concept and go ahead.
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